Imaging Brain Function With EEG: Advanced Temporal and Spatial Analysis of Electroencephalographic Signals

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The scalp and cortex lie like pages of an open book on which the cortex enciphers vast quantities of information and knowledge. They are recorded and analyzed as temporal and spatial patterns in the electroencephalogram and electrocorticogram. This book describes basic tools and concepts needed to measure and decipher the patterns extracted from the EEG and ECoG.

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This book emphasizes the need for single trial analysis using new methods and paradigms, as well as large, high-density spatial arrays of electrodes for pattern sampling. The deciphered patterns reveal neural mechanisms by which brains process sensory information into precepts and concepts. It describes the brain as a thermodynamic system that uses chemical energy to construct knowledge.

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The results are intended for use in the search for the neural correlates of intention, attention, perception and learning; in the design of human brain-computer interfaces enabling mental control of machines; and in exploring and explaining the physicochemical foundation of biological intelligence.

Imaging Brain Function With EEG: Advanced Temporal and Spatial Analysis of Electroencephalographic Signals Review

I am a software designer, involved in mobile technology and sensors. Why would a designer be intrigued by a book about brain imaging techniques? The answer is that this book is much more than a description of state of the art of imaging brain function, it is a must read for anyone interested in cognition.

Noam Chomsky famously stated in 80`s that contemporary neural science was too primitive to provide any useful information for understanding of language processing. Today, leading computer vision scientists and AI scientists similarly see no need to study brain, Cartesian separation of body and mind leads them to believe that vision function as well as higher cognitive functions can be better implemented in silicon, unencumbered by carbon structures and motor actions of specifically human anatomy.

As it turns out, Freeman's evidence recorded with rudimentary 8x8 array of electrodes proves them wrong. It also proves futility of future efforts relying on symbolic, rule based digital information processing to create human like intentional behavior.

Chapters 1-5 of the book cover basic techniques of electroencephalography, such us short term FFT's, Gabor transform, Hilbert transform, Principal Component Analysis, progressing to wavelets and wavelet denoising in chapter 5.

Chapters 6-7 describe overwhelming obstacles to measuring various forms of energy produced by brain and introducing many ingenious methods to overcome them. These chapters also introduce difference between micro scale events generated by small neural circuits and macro scale events produced by large scale interaction of massive neuronal populations.

Chapters 8-11 are the heart of the book, opening with well known spatial images of AM waves recorded over the entire olfactory bulb of sniffing rabbit as well as demonstrating how these spatial patterns change in different contexts. The bulb sends its output through non-topographic lateral olfactory track to enthorhinal cortex where it gets transformed into a multi-sensory percept or gestalt and possibly a new memory in hippocampus. At this point AM patterns do not represent the stimulus, they represent user memory, retrieved by stimulus. Higher cognitive functions can only be explained by macroscopic patterns of continuous AM waves rather than discrete symbol processing.

Authors describe brain as a thermodynamic system, not an information processing system. They demonstrate that understanding cognition requires measurements at both macro and micro level of brain dynamics. While the two levels constrain each other, they can not form a linear casual chain. It is this lack of linear causality in cognition which makes information processing approach indefensible.

At the age of 85 professor Freeman delivers empirical evidence which completes triumphantly a long struggle against 350 year old but still dominant cartesian dualism of contemporary science, quest started by likes of Edelman, Winograd, Damasio, Lakoff, Merleau Ponty and many others. Thanks to work of professor Freeman that quest may be reaching its end.

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