The Role of Inflammatory Mediators in the Failing Heart (Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine)

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Although clinicians have recognized the importance of inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of heart disease for well over 200 years, it has taken nearly as many years for clinicians and scientists to focus on the basic biological mechanisms by which inflammatory mediators contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiac disease states. Over the past decade there has been increasing interest in the potential role that inflammatory mediators, play in a variety of cardiac disease states, including chronic heart failure.
The Role of Inflammatory Mediators in the Failing Heart provides a state-of-the-art review on inflammatory mediators and the failing heart. This book will serve both as a useful introduction to the field, as well as an update for those interested in the role of inflammatory mediators and the failing heart.

The Role of Inflammatory Mediators in the Failing Heart (Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine) Review

Chronic heart failure is much more than mere pump failure; recent years have seen growing research into its musculoskeletal, renal, neuroendocrine and immune implications. When, over ten years ago, Levine and associates demonstrated that the inflammatory tumour necrosis factor-� (TNF�) is elevated in heart failure patients, they triggered an avalanche of research. It became clear that not only neurohormonal mediators, such as the renin angiotensin system and the adrenergic system, are overactivated in this disease; the immune system merits attention. "The role of inflammatory mediators in the failing heart" edited by Douglas Mann, gives an excellent insight into this. Several chapters summarise the current knowledge of the role of the immune system in this disease. Douglas Mann, however, admits in his introduciton "it is probably not possible to cover all aspects of this rapidly changing field in a single text".The first three chapters deal with the most important cytokines in heart failure, namely TNF�, interleukin (IL) 1 and IL6. Douglas Mann himself covers the section on TNF�, which he diffidently calls "Recent insights into the role of tumour necrosis factor in the failing heart", although it represents more or less the entire current knowledge on TNF physiology and pathophysiology in heart failure. Other acclaimed experts describe IL-1 and IL-6, and provide us with insights into less investigated phenomena, such as the induction of cardiac apoptosis and the role in arrhythmogenesis. The interactions of these substances with each other, with neurohormonal systems, and with nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase are far from clear. Walter J. Paulus, a specialist in NO research, gives a concise overview of the role of NO in myocardial function and its altered significance in the failing heart. Indeed, NO appears to be a mixed blessing in this setting.Anita Deswall and Diykem Bozkurt contributed a very stimulating chapter on "The roles of anticytokine therapy in the failing heart". They discuss different approaches to reducing TNF� in the circulation and the failing heart. Drugs such as prednisone thalidomide, and pentoxifyline have shown promising results. Small studies investigating the role of direct TNF antagonism using a TNF� receptor fusion protein called etanercept have also been promising. However, the outcome of a large-scale clinical trial to investigate this drug in a large heart failure population has shown detrimental effects.This book gives an up-to-date overview of current knowledge and we cannot recommend it strongly enough. In future editions, chapters on the role of physiological dampeners of the immune response as well as on the role of leukocytes and immune organs in heart failure, along with summaries of the recently finished and ongoing trials, would be of additional value.Stephan von Haehling and Stefan D. Anker, Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Heart & Lung Institute, London, UK
Cardiology News, Volume 7 Number 2, December/January 2004 p 17 Help other customers find the most helpful reviews� Was this review helpful to you?�Yes No Report abuse | PermalinkComment�Comment

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Routing and Quality-of-Service in Broadband LEO Satellite Networks (Broadband Networks and Services)

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Routing and Quality-of-Service in Broadband LEO Satellite Networks describes mechanisms for supporting Quality-of-Service (QoS) strategies that consider properties of low earth orbit satellite networks and their effects on link handover. A graph model representing the dynamic topology of a satellite constellation is introduced based on a new parameter, lifetime. Novel routing and resource reservation algorithms as well as connection admission control strategies are proposed to minimize the handover blocking probability while maintaining QoS requirements. The author also discusses the roles of satellites in an all-IP mobile network architecture and the problems of mobility, QoS provisioning, and routing. This work will be of particular interest to researchers and professionals working on mobility networking in next generation networks.

Routing and Quality-of-Service in Broadband LEO Satellite Networks (Broadband Networks and Services) Review

I used this book as my research references....contain many information for the the topics that I need....worth buying this book..

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Ruling Distributed Dynamic Worlds (Wiley Series on Parallel and Distributed Computing)

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A sequel to Mobile Processing in Distributed and Open Environments, this title introduces an extended, universal WAVE-WP model for distributed processing and control in dynamic and open worlds of any natures. The new control theory and technology introduced in the book can be widely used for the design and implementation of many distributed control systems, such as intelligent network management for the Internet, mobile cooperative robots, Rapid Reaction forces, future Combat Systems, robotics and AI, NMD, space research on other planets, and other applications.
This title:
* Demonstrates a much simpler and more efficient application programming
* Cultivates a new kind of thinking about how large dynamic systems should be designed, organized, tasked, simulated, and controlled
* Introduces an extended, universal WAVE-WP model for distributed processing
* Compares the universal WAVE-WP model to other existing systems used in intelligent networking

Ruling Distributed Dynamic Worlds (Wiley Series on Parallel and Distributed Computing) Review

"Ruling Distributed Dynamic Worlds" describes the World Processing language and the Wave-WP model for implementing large distributed systems. The book will be of interest to anyone concerned with distributed computation, the software of robotic systems and application spaces such as network management and security and other crisis management scenarios.

Wave-WP is an extension of the Wave model of distributed processing expounded in the author's 1999 text "Mobile Processing in Distributed and Open Environments." His new text extends the model to embrace "spatial programming", using a "virtual world" abstraction whose content is assembled using the distributed Knowledge Network concept of the earlier Wave paradigm. Throughout the text, he supplies numerous examples of how Wave-WP interacts with the physical world, in such missions as multi-robot firefighting and hospital maintenance. More traditional applications of distributed processing such as network management are also discussed, as are security applications.

The Wave-WP paradigm superficially resembles the mobile agent paradigm. The author argues that it is qualitatively different to the latter in that mobile agent solutions anticipate emergent behaviour from the specified actions of the mobule agents, whereas Wave-WP operates at a higher level (the "implementation layer"). This allows some complex application behaviour to be generated from remarkably simple and concise Wave-WP code. A number of such examples are presented in the text.

The book includes a detailed description of the World Processing language and of the Wave-WP interpreter, and of the various worlds inhabited by the paradigm (the virtual world, the execution world, the physical world and the "united" world). The range of worlds occupied is (in this reviewer's opinion) the key distinction between Wave-WP and its predecessor Wave architecture.

Readers persuaded of the power of Wave-WP will doubtless be itching to try it out for themselves. Unfortunately, it was not yet available as a product when the book was published (as mentioned by the author in his preface) although earlier versions of Wave have been made available to the research community. Despite this limitation (which may well have been addressed by the time you read this review), the book is a provocative read for anyone interested in innovations in distributed systems.

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Scalable Performance Signalling and Congestion Avoidance

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This book focuses on Internet congestion control with special emphasis given to signaling and network architecture. The author introduces a new protocol called Performance Transparency Protocol (PTP) and a congestion control mechanism called Congestion Avoidance with Distributed Proportional Control (CADPC), as well as provides:
*Complete specification of PTP;
*New simulation results that show how CADPC/PTP outperforms several current alternatives;
*A new method of using the well-known Chiu/Jain vector diagrams for analysis and design;
*A short and easily comprehensible introduction to Congestion Control and Quality of Service;
*An overview of explicit signaling mechanisms between end points and the network.

Scalable Performance Signalling and Congestion Avoidance provides a wealth of information on Internet and network congestion avoidance for network engineers and researchers.

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Scalable Performance Signalling and Congestion Avoidance Review

This review appeared in the IEEE Network Magazine's Nov. 2003 issue:Scalable Performance Signalling and Congestion Avoidance addresses the long standing issue of determining the most appropriate control methodology for networks that subscribe to the philosophy of a stateless core and the end-to-end principle. That is, it is all about ways the Internet's congestion control mechanisms should be tailored. The book calls for firm adherence to end-to-end adaptation, but in a more informed fashion via the use of an out-of-band signaling protocol. With such a scheme in place, the congestion control in effect becomes congestion avoidance. The book is based on Michael Welzl's thesis and attempts to make a case that the proposed out-of-band signaling both makes sense in terms of performance benefits, and is not in direct conflict with the aforementioned principles. The scheme exploits the availability of information available at the routers. In particular, information about interface speeds, congestion levels (queue lengths, link utilizations), and so on that would have been provided via SNMP are now conveyed via a specialized Performance Transparency Protocol (PTP). Despite similarities with the scope of SNMP, PTP is seeking to determine the performance of entire paths that are of direct benefit to the source-destination pair participating in communication. The thesis is composed of three parts. The first provides a very thorough review of current literature, as recent as 2003, describing TCP and congestion control alternatives and/or improvements to it. The case is made for signaling in a number of ways, including (rarely found in similar works) a game-theoretic argument behind the incentive for deployment. The second part is the presentation of PTP in detail. It is worthwhile to note that the thesis not only deals with the problem in an abstract way, but also provides a publicly available implementation of PTP inside the Linux kernel. The last part uses a particular example to illustrate PTP's usefulness. The example is in tune with the position that congestion avoidance is preferable to congestion control; specifically, it is an implementation of congestion avoidance with distributed proportional control (CADPC). In an extensive simulation, CADPC is compared to TCP in a variety of parameter settings. The book is written for an audience of researchers and is a reminder that information normally used by network management could be used instead (or in addition) for tackling the more fine-grained problem of congestion management for individual flows. Help other customers find the most helpful reviews� Was this review helpful to you? Yes No Report abuse | PermalinkComment�Comment

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Scalar Diffraction from a Circular Aperture (The Springer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science)

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Scalar diffraction from a circular aperture is a ubiquitous problem that arises in a variety of disciplines, such as optics (lenses), acoustics (speakers), electromagnetics (dish antennas), and ultrasonics (piston transducers). The problem endures despite centuries of research because each new generation of researchers rediscovers it and adds some novel insight or new result to the existing literature. Scalar Diffraction from a Circular Aperture promises a few new results and several novel insights, particularly with regard to spatial averaging. Although the text emphasizes ultrasonic diffraction, the results and insights developed are general and may be applied to the many practical problems involving scalar diffraction from a circular aperture.
Included are novel insights on mirror-image diffraction, autoconvolution diffraction, and coherent and incoherent averaging. Examples from ultrasonic imaging, a coherent imaging modality, are used to develop a fairly general theory that connects over a century of research on scalar diffraction from a circular aperture. The material is based on a synthesis of mathematics, physical optics, linear systems theory, and scalar diffraction theory. Thus, engineers, scientists, mathematicians, and students working in optics, acoustics, antenna design, biomedical engineering, non-destructive testing, and astronomy will find Scalar Diffraction from a Circular Aperture interesting, provocative, and useful.

Scalar Diffraction from a Circular Aperture (The Springer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science) Review

If you are looking for a source that brings together concepts such as diffraction, spatial averaging and ultrasound I would have to say this monograph is a must have. The first chapter takes the reader into the basics of diffraction and ultrasound. More importantly, in the section that follows on can discover a short but indispensable review of past works related to the subject. What follows is a intense presentation of the Fourier equivalence of the arccos and Lommel diffraction formulations as an approximate pair. What is attractive in this section was that both the unfocused and focused case is presented. The remaining contents of the monograph deal with derivation of spatially averaged one-way and two-way diffraction for unfocused transducers. In both sections on can find a wealth of pictorial as well as mathematical analysis. The best part about the monograph, is its intimate quality. It reads as a conversation, or a presentation. I very much appreciate that fluidity. Help other customers find the most helpful reviews� Was this review helpful to you? Yes No Report abuse | PermalinkComment Comment (1)

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